Introduction of rare earth mining technology and rare earth mining method

Introduction of rare earth mining technology and rare earth mining method

Rare earth minerals exist mainly in the form of minerals in the earth's crust, and there are three main states of occurrence: as the basic constituent elements of minerals, rare earths are present in the mineral lattice in the form of ionic compounds, which constitute an essential component of minerals. Such minerals commonly referred to as rare earth minerals such as monazite, bastnaesite like. As the impurity element minerals to isomorphous replacement form, dispersed in a rock-forming minerals and mineral rare metals, rare earth element containing these minerals can be called minerals, such as apatite, fluorite and the like. It is adsorbed on the surface or particles of some minerals in an ionic state. These minerals are mainly various clay minerals and mica minerals. Rare earth elements in this state are easily extracted.

Commonly used rare earth mining technology

The technology of ionic rare earth is the independent intellectual property right owned by China. The Zhangzhou Nonferrous Metallurgy Research Institute is the main unit for the discovery and naming of ion-adsorbed rare earth minerals in China and the scientific and technological achievements of the second-generation rare earth extraction process. At the time, he was appointed as the deputy director of the research and the post of director of the Zhangzhou Nonferrous Metallurgy Research Institute. As the main participant and leader of the invention and application of the second generation extraction process of ionic rare earth ore, the historical development of this event. Have an unforgettable memory. In response to the reporter's covenant, Comrade Ding Jiaxuan made a comprehensive and systematic review and summary of this historical event.

In 1970, in the past 175 years of development and utilization of rare earth mineral resources, it was found that there are as many as 200 minerals containing rare earth elements and their compounds in nature. However, there are only a few rare earth mineral raw materials that actually have industrial use value, and the number is about ten. There are monazite, cerite, bastnaesite, gadolinite, xenotime, allanite, niobium xenotime, euxenite. But these minerals containing a certain amount of most of uranium or thorium, and rare earth minerals are solid, mineral mineral phase states exist, they are often associated with a radioactive element or a symbiotic.

Introduction to rare earth mining methods

1. Radiation beneficiation method

Mainly using the difference between the rare earth minerals in the ore and the strontium minerals, the γ-ray concentrator is used to separate the rare earth minerals from the gangue minerals. Radiation beneficiation is mostly used for pre-selection of rare earth ore. At present, this method is not widely applicable in the industry.

2. Gravity beneficiation method

Sorting is carried out using the difference in density of rare earth minerals and gangue minerals. Commonly used re-election equipments include conical concentrators, spiral concentrators, shakers, and the like. The re-election mainly separates the rare earth minerals from the gangue minerals such as quartz and calcite with low density to achieve the purpose of pre-selection enrichment or obtaining rare earth concentrate. The re-election of Guangfa is used for the production of seashore sand mines; it is sometimes used as a means of pre-enrichment in the processing of rare earth veins.

3. Magnetic separation separation method

Some rare earth minerals have weak magnetic properties. They can be used to separate rare earth minerals from other minerals by using magnetic separators with different magnetic field strengths, depending on the magnetic coefficient of the associated gangue and other minerals. In beach sands beneficiation, often using weak magnetic iron ore of titanium and monazite separation; high intensity magnetic separation can be employed to make zircon and monazite, quartz lamp mineral separation. In the beneficiation of rare earth veins, in order to simplify the flotation process and save the flotation agent, strong magnetic separation is sometimes used to pre-enrich the rare earth minerals. With the continuous development of strong magnetic technology, strong magnetic separation will be more and more widely used in the processing of rare earth ore.

4, flotation method

Using the difference in physical and chemical properties of rare earth minerals and associated minerals, flotation is used to separate the associated gangue and its minerals to obtain concentrates. It is the main mineral processing method widely used in the production of rare earth veins. The US Persian rare earth mine is a flotation process for the production of rare earth ore concentrates. In the production of seashore sand, after heavy sand is obtained by re-election, rare earth concentrates are often obtained from heavy sand by flotation.

5, electrification method

Rare earth minerals are non-good conductors, and their electrical conductivity can be different from that of associated minerals. Electroporation is used to separate minerals with good conductivity. Electrification is often used in the selection of beach sand mine re-election.

6. Chemical beneficiation method

For rare earth deposits adsorbed on kaolin or clay in ion form, the characteristics of rare earth ions easily soluble in sodium chloride or ammonium solution can be fully utilized, and the chemical beneficiation method of first leaching and then precipitation is used for recovery. The fluorocarbonate rare earth mineral which is soluble in acid or undergoes phase transition at high temperature can be pre-concentrated by flotation method and then purified by chemical beneficiation.

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