With the further deepening of reform and opening up and the further reform of the domestic power system, the power companies are becoming more and more interested in investing in domestic thermal power projects, and they are becoming more and more cautious. At the same time, they are also turning their attention to overseas markets; after some well-known domestic trade The company's long-term efforts have built and tracked a number of thermal power plant projects in the form of EPC in South Asia, Southeast Asia, and the Middle East, and are actively developing markets in Africa, South America, and North America.
In addition, with the development of the domestic power industry and the continuous efforts of power equipment manufacturers, the performance of domestic power generation equipment has been continuously improved and is close to the level of developed countries in the West, making the export of large domestic power equipment possible and making great achievements.
1 Distribution and scale of foreign thermal power projects * Foreign thermal power projects were mainly distributed in South Asia, Southeast Asia, and the Middle East. Recently, markets in Africa, South America, and North America have been actively developed. The countries with more recent information are India and Indonesia. One thing that is beyond the imagination of ordinary people is that the markets of North America, the United States and Canada are also very promising. The reason is that not all owners have the ability to afford SL, BVI, GE, SIEMENS products, and equipment quality. Acceptable, Chinese contractors' quotations are very attractive to local medium-sized companies, and if developed well, the market will be very large.
At present, the maximum capacity of China's export units is 300MW (Muzafag IX320MW, Arak 4X325MW, Sahande 2x 325MW), and the maximum capacity of the projects being tracked reaches 600MW (subcritical), with China's supercritical 600MW units. It is possible to introduce and digest the manufacturing technology and enter it into the international market.
It is regrettable that there has not been a 60 Hz Zhoubo large-scale power equipment export.
2 Feasibility analysis of mainframe manufacturing The equipment manufactured by China's mainframe manufacturing enterprises is basically used for 50Hz cycles. Only individual host manufacturers have manufactured exports for export in the 1970s and 1980s, and the maximum 50MW for 60Hz cycles. Unit. For the current large-scale units, the mainframe manufacturing enterprises in various countries have not made technical reserves, but they all claim to have the strength of design and manufacture.
2.1 Turbine Major domestic steam turbine manufacturers After decades of independent development and technology introduction, they have fully mastered the development, design, manufacturing and testing technology of 50Hz Zhoubo steam turbines, with supercritical and subcritical and other different manufacturing capacity of 600MW. Power class, various forms of condensing, back pressure, heating, industrial extraction, intermediate reheat steam turbine. These technologies are based on contemporary computer technology and involve high-speed aerodynamics, engineering thermodynamics, heat transfer, strength, vibration, materials, computer automation, precision machining, engineering structural design optimization, etc., including complete turbine design calculations. Library, product design manual, guidelines and specifications, materials, processes, quality assurance, standards, and development research design reports. The economics, reliability and operational flexibility of its products are at or near the world's advanced level. The production performance of major domestic steam turbine manufacturers has reached a total power of about 50,000 MW.
Therefore, these companies are fully capable of developing large-capacity steam turbines that produce 60Hz cycles.
Taking a backbone steam turbine manufacturing enterprise as an example, when the company introduced foreign steam turbine technology in the 1980s, it was designed to retrofit a 60Hz cycle of the same capacity steam turbine into a 50Hz cycle steam turbine. Roughly speaking, the original equipment was amplified 1.2 times. For steam turbines that produce 60Hz cycles, the original drawings will be a good reference.
In addition, after joint ventures with foreign companies, the company introduced 40 series of steam turbine block drawings and materials with a large number of operating performances. These blocks can be combined into various types of 50Hz and 130~1300MW thermal and nuclear steam turbines. Group; a complete set of drawings for typical high-power subcritical and supercritical steam turbines.
The design technology of building blocks of modern steam turbines is to develop a series of building blocks with steam turbine cylinders in advance within a certain range of power and parameters. According to the needs of the market, the steam turbines of different powers can be matched by the combination of building blocks. The characteristic is that most parts of the building blocks are universal, such as cylinders, valves and bearings, within a given power and parameter range. , auxiliary systems, control systems, pipelines and foundations. This versatility not only shortens the design, manufacturing schedule, and reduces the cost, but also the application experience of building blocks in different units can be accumulated, thus fully guaranteeing the success rate of designing the unit according to user requirements; the block of building blocks (cylinders) The flow part can be changed according to the user's requirements. Not only the number of stages, the height of the blade, and the width of the å¼ can vary with the power, but the advanced pneumatic technology can be used to optimize the flow part and update the leaf type, such as the controllable vortex. Sabre type, etc.; can also continuously optimize the structural form of the flow part, such as self-contained belt, damped type of moving blade, enhanced type of blade root, triplet moving blade, etc., to improve the economics, safety and reliability of the unit. Foreign companies have considered the versatility of 50Hz and 60Hz when designing high and medium pressure cylinder blocks, that is, the critical speed of the rotor has been considered to avoid 3000r/min and 3600r/min, and the strength at different speeds has been considered at the same time. Claim. Therefore, for the 60Hz unit, the high and medium pressure cylinders are the same as the 50Hz, and only the flow-through part optimization program is required to re-optimize the flow-passing part; the introduced 60HZ low-pressure cylinder blocks of different grades have an exhaust area of ​​4.710mm, respectively. 816.4mm, l016 and 1050mm; the maximum steam output is designed according to the safety of 73t/h per square meter, which can meet the needs of various capacity units.
Most of the sets are the same, only two need to be changed, that is, the DEH software is slightly modified, and the speed loop needs to be reset; the critical breaker needs to be redesigned. After the joint venture of the company, steam turbine equipment was restricted when it was exported to individual countries.
2.2 Turbine generators and steam turbine manufacturers. After decades of independent development and technology introduction, the major domestic steam turbine generator manufacturers have fully mastered the development, design, manufacturing and testing technology of 50Hz Zhoubo steam turbines. Turbine generators with a maximum capacity of 600 MW and other different power levels and various cooling methods. The economics, reliability and operational flexibility of its products are also at or near the world's advanced level. Therefore, these companies are also fully capable of developing large-capacity steam turbine generators that produce 60Hz cycles.
Its rated active power and rated voltage should be reduced to 5/6 of the original value; for example, 60Hz cycle turbine generator, 300MW capacity, 24kV terminal voltage, if used for 50Hz cycle, only 250MW capacity, 20kV terminal voltage The generator is used, and the temperature rise of each component is calculated and corresponding measures are taken. Due to the high speed of the 60Hz cycle turbine generator, the generator airflow is 20% higher than the 50Hz cycle turbine generator under the same conditions; the ventilation is better than the 50Hz cycle, but the mechanical stress is also higher than the 50Hz cycle. In general, the 60 Hz cycle is the same as the 50 Hz cycle generator, except that the rotor is different.
Take a backbone steam turbine generator manufacturing company as an example. After joint venture with foreign companies, the company introduced a series of drawings and data of turbine generator blocks with a variety of different power levels with a large number of operating performances. These blocks have a 50Hz cycle. And 60Hz cycle frequency to meet the needs of different users.
Foreign companies always design a 60Hz full-cycle turbo generator with excellent performance, and then modify the rotor according to the needs of users, and derive a 50Hz cycle turbo generator.
2.3 The boiler boiler itself is not affected by the 60Hz cycle, but it should be noted that if a CFB boiler is used, the export license is a relatively large problem.
3 Feasibility analysis of auxiliary machinery manufacturing 3.1 The technical level of the major domestic motor manufacturing enterprises has been greatly improved. Individual enterprises have also introduced a full set of technologies (including electromagnetic calculation programs) of foreign companies, which can be based on the load provided by users. Design and manufacture of various capacity grade 60Hz motors.
Domestic motor manufacturers have already produced 60Hz electric motors and exported them in batches. The power level ranges from 10kW to hundreds of kW, and the voltage level is 380~2300V. 3.2 Fans domestic wind turbine manufacturers from the 1950s to the Soviet Union, to 60 The design of self-designed countries and the introduction of technology from Western countries in the late 1970s and the promotion of enterprise technology have made the economic indicators and reliability indicators of wind turbines, one of the main auxiliary engines of thermal power plants, catch up with the world level.
Since the late 1970s, domestic wind turbine manufacturers have introduced wind turbine manufacturing technologies from foreign companies such as TLT, KKK, MHI, NOVENCO, and HOWDEN. These technologies have enabled these companies to provide different flow rates for different capacity units in China. Pressure fan.
For fans with different flow rates and heads, different speeds are usually used to achieve high efficiency or high pressure heads. For the case where the 60Hz fan is 1.2 times higher than the 50Hz fan frequency and the speed is 1.2 times higher, the strength calculation and the critical speed can be compared according to the peripheral speed of the impeller to ensure the safe operation of the equipment.
Domestic wind turbine manufacturers have already produced 60Hz wind turbines and exported them. The supporting mainframe capacity is 660MW. 3.3 Pumps Domestic pump manufacturers have the same development experience as domestic wind turbine manufacturers, and have introduced KSB, SULZER and WEIR respectively. The company's technology is used to manufacture boiler feed pumps, condensate water pumps, circulating water pumps, etc. used on different capacity mainframes.
Domestic pump manufacturers have the ability to provide 60Hz pumps according to user requirements.
4 Feasibility analysis of instrument and control part In the thermal control equipment, some parts need to be imported, such as DCS, various analytical instruments, important safety valves, etc. For these equipments, as long as the order is 60Hz, foreign manufacturers will produce according to requirements. It is not allowed to make any changes; for domestically introduced products, such as actuators and transmissions, as long as the order is specified; for domestic products, only when ordering, the manufacturer can make small changes in the power supply; Small motors, generally 50Hz devices are also suitable for 60Hz, no need to change. 5 Patent and Intellectual Property Issues In the process of tracking, bidding and implementing foreign thermal power projects, patent and intellectual property issues are often encountered. In the past, the equipment supplied by China's main equipment manufacturing enterprises were installed in China, and some of the units exported were Our openness is not large, and there are not many technologies introduced, so the issues related to patents and intellectual property rights are not prominent. In recent years, with the introduction of some patented technologies, the manufacturing capacity and technical level of domestic mainframe manufacturing enterprises have made great progress, and they have achieved good results in the domestic electricity market, but they have encountered in tracking and bidding for foreign thermal power projects. Patent and intellectual property issues are plagued by the fact that often these host manufacturers are limited to the sales area of ​​the product when purchasing foreign patents or setting up joint ventures. The equipment is restricted when it is exported to individual countries. The location of the project is chosen.
If patents and intellectual property issues are involved in technology transfer, it must have sufficient strategic vision and actively develop its own patented technology.
6 Conclusion Although the equipment manufactured by the mainframe manufacturing enterprise is basically used for 50Hz cycles, in recent years, with the continuous development of technology and technology, a complete technical system has been established, and the original company has imported 60Hz Zhoubo blocks. Block, so fully capable of producing large-capacity 60Hz cycle power generation equipment.
Auxiliary machine manufacturers also have the ability to produce 60Hz Zhoubo auxiliary machines, and individual companies have already produced 60Hz Zhoubo auxiliary machines.
The design work can be completed. Some domestic host manufacturers have manufacturing drawings of 60Hz cycle mainframes, which may be shorter in the design cycle. In view of the lack of demand, the domestic mainframe manufacturing enterprises have not invested in the processing technology and equipment preparation, but the manufacturing cycle is similar to that of the 50Hz Zhoubo mainframe. It is only possible that the newly manufactured 60Hz cycle unit has cost and 50Hz frequency unit. Certain differences. :2003-07-04He Northwest Power Technology 4/2003
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