Before the processing of some processed glass, the original glass must be polished, cut, edging, drilling, washing and drying, such as tempered glass, laminated glass, etc.; there are some processed glass, which is washed and dried. Process processing, and then according to the requirements of the use of grinding, polishing, cutting, edging, drilling, washing and other processing to become the final product, such as glass mirror; in addition to the art glass, such as painting, relief, engraving, etc., need to be specific The process of processing, these are the cold processing of glass. The cold processing of glass is to process the glass products into a conforming process through a series of processing methods at room temperature.
Cutting a mechanical cutting glass:
Mechanical cutting glass utilizes the mechanical properties of glass with low tensile stress. Generally, diamonds or corundum is used to apply scars on the surface, and the stressed part is cut off due to tensile stress.
(1) When a glass knife cuts glass that is not too thick, a diamond glass cutter set with diamond at the end of the brass is used to cut ordinary flat glass, often using a superhard knife wheel. In addition, kerosene and other liquids are added when cutting, which has a good protective effect on the incision and tool life. In addition, thin leaded soft glass tubes are also cut with a guillotine knife.
(2) Diamond saws Cutting diamond saws is not limited to glass, but is also widely used in the cutting of silicon, silicon, ceramics, and crystals. The diamond saw has a higher cutting efficiency than the added abrasive or ordinary wheel saw. The cutting fluid is generally used for cutting. The bonding material of the diamond saw is metal, thermosetting resin, ceramic, etc., but generally the metal saw such as brass is used, and the thickness of the saw blade is about 0.2 to 7 mm. The cutting method is divided into cylindrical cutting, internal circular cutting, and band saw cutting according to the purpose.
a. Cylindrical cutting Glass Cylindrical cutting is the most widely used and efficient cutting method. The circumferential speed is 1500~2500r/rain, and the thickness of the saw blade is 1/150 of the diameter. If it is too thin, the rigidity is insufficient and the cutting accuracy is reduced. The classification includes: the most widely used, uniform cylindrical type with a continuous edge for high accuracy; suitable for cutting relatively large products, because there is a groove, the slurry can be well penetrated, and is conducive to chipping Excluded, can withstand the rough fissions of the mosaic type; suitable for cutting large products, cutting precision, sharpness are low blade type.
b. The thickness of the inner circle cutting blade is 1/150 of the outer diameter, and thinness is difficult. However, because the inner circle cutting blade receives the tension of the outer circle, the deformation of the blade can be suppressed and the thickness of the blade can be very thin. Internal-circular cutting is better than slicing silicon and silicon. It is used to cut glass rods. It is less skewed. The parallelism and flatness of the cutting surface are very high. Therefore, the internal circular cutting can cut very thin sections.
c. Band saw diamond saws Circular saws cannot cut large products, but band saws can cut them. The band saw has two kinds of circulation type and reciprocating type, originally used for marble cutting.
(3) cutting glass with abrasive a. The original plate saw with a diameter of 95300-400mm, a circular plate made of brass, iron plate, etc. with a thickness of 1 to 2mm, is rotated, and abrasives mixed with water are injected into the abrasive (silicon carbide, corundum, corundum, etc.). Push the glass to the circular saw and cut it with a certain force.
b. It is difficult to cut out ultra-thin products by using ordinary grinding wheels to cut ordinary grinding wheels and diamond grinding wheels. The cutting loss is large and the grinding wheel wears seriously. However, the grinding wheel is cheap, especially when it is used for dry cutting, it appears ordinary wheel cutting advantages.
c. With a multi-cut wire for wire multi-cutting (tungsten or piano wire ≠0.5 to 0.2 mm), about 100 sheets can be cut at the same time. Grinding and cutting are performed while applying a certain pressure to the processed material with a slurry abrasive. Because it is a grinding cut, the margin is very small and high-precision cutting can be achieved.
d. The principle of grind-jet processing is the same as that of sand-blasting, but using a micro-powder (average particle diameter of 27 cm 2 ), with tiny nozzles (spray gas is carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and compressed air), fine holes are made, and the glass plate is cut. . Abrasive impact force is very small, so it will not break the glass. This method can process very thin glass plates.
Second, the flame cutting glass flame cutting methods, there are the following.
(1) Fuse cutting Fuse cutting is a method of using a gas or other heat source to cut a certain portion of the glass while performing partial melting. This method has been widely used in the manufacturing process of wine glasses and the cutting of ampoules and other aspects. The flame is required to become a sharp flame by increasing oxygen, and in order to make the glass melt better, a high-calorific flame must be used.
(2) Quench-cutting Quench-cutting is rapid heating in a narrow range along the circumference of a cylindrical glass while rotating, and the heated portion is contacted with the cooled liquid to cut the glass by thermal stress. The flame used for quench cutting is a slit torch of hydrogen gas or city gas plus oxygen, and the cooling body uses an object that easily causes crack initiation, such as a grindstone, a metal circular plate, and the like. If you ensure the necessary heating time, you can cut at high speed.
(3) Burst blasting is a glass processing method that people are familiar with. When the glass is scratched with diamond or cemented carbide, and the wound is heated, the crack propagates to cut it. There are also scars added when heating, with the glass cooling, the thermal stress causes the cracks to expand and cut off. The burst can obtain the same mirror-like cut section as the fuse method.
Third, automatic cutting machine cutting glass:
There are many types of glass cutters based on their structure and level of self-control. The shape, size, dimensional tolerances, cutting efficiency, and labor intensity of cut glass vary. Can cut out the shape of the glass, such as rectangular, polygonal, arc-shaped and so on. There is also a laminated glass automatic cutting machine, which can be cut and processed according to the size of the order, and then used by the user. There are currently many kinds of laminated glass automatic cutting machines abroad.
Fourth, the water knife (abrasive waterjet) uses the principle of fluid mechanics to pressurize the normal water in a high pressure way, let the water spray out from a small nozzle to form a high-speed jet, and use the power of the high-speed jet to cut the object. Jets are called waterjets.
Ultra-high pressure CNC universal water cutting machine consists of ultra high pressure system, CNC three-dimensional numerical control machine tools, automatic abrasive transmission system, water jet cutting system, computer aided design/manufacturing system and other parts. Waterjet cutting power is proportional to its pressure and water flow. The high pressure booster is the heart of the waterjet. It pressurizes the water pressure up to 400 MPa. Through a nozzle with a minimum diameter of 0.075mm, it can produce approximately High-speed jet at 3 times the speed of sound. Waterjets made from pure water can cut a variety of soft base non-metallic materials.
Due to the extremely high velocity of the jet, the paper is not wetted when the paper is used to cut the paper. A waterjet made of pure water can also increase its sharpness. For example, adding a fine sand to a waterjet becomes a sand waterjet, and the sharpness is greatly increased. The cutting function can achieve omnipotent points. Cut any hard base material, cut the plate up to 40mm thick, and cut the granite up to 50mm thick. With the cAD/CAM system and CNC machine tools and other implementing agencies, you can cut any flat graphics and Wenyu on any material. Stainless steel, aluminum, copper, steel, iron, marble, alloy metal, glass, ceramics, plastic products, etc. can use this water knife 2n-r.
Of course, being able to cut metal, ceramics, and glass is not the only way a waterjet can do it, but the genius of waterjet, a high-tech product, is unmatched by other cutting technologies. The biggest advantage of waterjet is that it can do Azimuth cutting, no dust, no cutting point, will not affect the quality of the material, sand cutting can cut off all high-strength materials, cutting the edge of good quality, the heat generated when cutting is very low, so it is the best cutting of sensitive substances tool. In particular, waterjets can be easily combined with different kinds of computer-controlled operating systems, and even with the use of robots to achieve automation, not only to minimize occupational injuries, but also to overcome the problems arising from the cutting of complex shapes. Since there is no contact between the water jet and the object to be cut, the time required for cleaning or grinding the tool in the conventional cutting operation is avoided, and the problem of the material device is also simplified.
At the same time the waterjet cutting gap is very small, take pure water knife, the knife edge is only 0.01 ~ 0.10cm, adding fine sand can reach 0.08 ~ o. 18cm, such a small gap will not cause material loss, the edge after cutting does not have to be processed again, smooth enough to be touched by hand, especially in the face of the international trend of environmental protection, no dust in the waterjet cutting process. The advantage is that it has created a new world of pollution-free so-called green processing.
Currently, tests for cutting glass, especially thick glass, with waterjets are under way.
Fifth, laser cutting glass:
The concept of using a laser processing machine to complete the processing of three-dimensional workpieces through multi-axis movement was proposed and practiced in the early 1970s. However, to complete the processing of non-rotationally symmetrical 3D workpieces with complex freeform surfaces, 5 axes are required, namely 3 mutually perpendicular linear motion axes (z axis, Y axis, z axis) and two rotation axes to ensure the incident laser. The optical axis is always perpendicular to the surface being machined.
Since the world's first five-axis laser cutting machine was put into use in Prima Industries in 1979, three-dimensional laser cutting has been increasingly applied in automobile manufacturing, aerospace and other fields, which is mainly due to the three-dimensional laser cutting Can shorten the production cycle, save raw materials, improve work efficiency, reduce production costs and obtain high cutting quality. Regardless of the domestic and foreign three-dimensional five-axis laser processing machine, it shortens programming, enhances the system's high speed (such as increasing the number and speed of microprocessors), high precision (such as reducing CNC system errors and adopting compensation technology), and flexibility ( Such as the use of advanced CAD/CAM technology, fiber optic transmission technology, and the miniaturization of the volume continue to be studied, and foreign laser cutting machines have been used for cutting glass in production.
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