1. Modern Salt Lake Glauberite Deposit
(1) The modern salt lake solid phase mirabilite deposits have high or low grades of salt lake solid deposits, and salt minerals are soluble. Rich ore can be directly exploited in the open air, and the lean ore can be converted by solid-liquid and produced in liquid phase.
According to the method and principle of mining ore, the mining method can be divided into mining method and chemical mining method for directly extracting solid phase ore. The former is open-pit mining, and the ore is directly opened by manual or conventional mining machinery. This method is applicable to deposits with simple conditions, high ore grade, and the ore produced can meet the processing technology requirements. Chemical mining is the solid phase ore conversion through the solid phase - liquid phase, in the form of liquid phase. It is based on its physico-chemical principle, using water or other solvents as a solvent mineral medium. It is suitable for solid ore with complicated conditions and direct production difficulties, or mineral deposits with low ore grade, thin ore, and directly mined ore that cannot meet the processing technology requirements.
The mining method for directly extracting solid phase ore can be divided into pre-draining and pre-draining mining according to the treatment method of filling the deposit with water. According to the type of mining machinery and equipment, the mining methods can be divided into four types: dry mining and dry transportation, dry and dry water transportation, water and dry transportation, and water and water transportation.
The chemical mining method is a method of taking out beneficial mineral components by chemical means (underground leaching and deposition of the Glauber's salt method) at the place where the deposit is located. As the demand for mineral resources in the industry continues to increase, the production of rich ore and easily mined ore will not meet the requirements, and the chemical mining method opens up the exploitation of lean ore, dispersed small ore and old ore residual pillars. Deep deposits have been developed with deposits that could not be mined for technical reasons in the past. The classification of salt lake solid-phase deposits is shown in the table below.
(2) Modern salt lake brine deposit The salt lake brine mining method will pump the brine into the salt field, use the sunlight to evaporate the brine to the beach, and concentrate the crystal product, which is usually salt in summer and nitrate in winter. It is also possible to extract the product directly from the brine.
An example of mining is the Yuncheng Salt Lake in Shanxi. The deposit is a salt deposit mainly composed of mirabilite in modern sedimentation and solid-liquid interaction. There are both lake water deposits and shallow mirabilite deposits, as well as buried mirabilite deposits deep underground of more than 100 m. The salt lake brine of the mine is mined by the method of “casting and dryingâ€, and open mining is used in the floodplain area of ​​the mine. For the buried ore body of more than 100 m underground buried in the mining section of the mining area, drilling and water-soluble mining is adopted. , or combined with dry mining and water mining.
2. Ancient salt lake mirabilite deposits in dry mining: According to the development method, it can be divided into open mining, open pit-underground and underground mining. Open pit mining should only be used when the deposit is shallow. Underground mining is mostly used in the exploitation of ancient salt deposits. Currently widely used is the shaft method of shaft development (a few are inclined wells). The shaft has strong adaptability to salt deposits of various geological conditions, and is suitable for deposits with large mining scale, high grade, buried body within 1 000 m and large production capacity.
Water mining (chemical mining): divided into diverticulum water-soluble method and drilling water-soluble method. Except for special cases, the water-soluble method of diverticulum is generally used in ancient salt deposits with low ore grade and high impurity. Drilling water-soluble methods are commonly used in other foreign mines.
The drilling water dissolution method is divided into single well operation and multi-well operation. This method is to drill underground from the ground, and then install a pipeline in the well to communicate with the underground ore body. Fresh or light brine is injected into the ground through a water injection pipe to dissolve the ore body, causing artificial cavities to establish an area sufficient to accommodate the dissolved ore, and then extract the ore through the pipe. After the residual mother liquor is adjusted by adding water, it is re-injected into the underground dissolved ore body.
Examples of mining are:
(1) The main ore body currently being mined in the mirabilite mine in Sichuan is the mirabilite mine. The elevation of the first section of the first section is 400 m above sea level and the vertical depth is 70-120 m. The ore layer and the top and bottom plates are relatively stable. The mine adopted a diverticulum water-dissolving method after 1981, which is a comprehensive mining method combining conventional mining processes with standard chemical leaching unit operations. The components of the stope and the cutting process are basically the principle of using the room and pillar method. Some adjustments and supplements have been made due to the need for water-soluble leaching. The main difference lies in the fact that after mining and mining, the water-soluble mining provides the qualified coarse-nitrogen water in the ore-water immersion-oriented processing plant, and the slag remains in the well-dissolving chamber (below).
(2) The Hongze mirabilite mine in Jiangsu Province is the most buried glacial mirabilite deposit in China. The main mine layer is buried at a depth of 2 200 m. The direct roof of the ore deposit is a readily soluble salt rock, which is easy to soften and expand. Muddy glauberite and mudstone.
On October 14, 1997, China's first deep mirabilite convection well was built in Hongze County Chemical Group Co., Ltd., with a new well depth of 2 609 m and a horizontal section length of 275 m. It exposed 286 m of the mirabilite layer, filling the horizontal wells of China's anhydrous salt water. blank.
3. Underground brine mining method
The underground brine is mined by a drilling machine to expose the brine-bearing structure and the brine-containing layer. Under the action of ground pressure, some brine can be automatically sprayed out of the well, and the brine can be sprayed. If the ground pressure is less than the liquid column pressure at the bottom of the brine well, the brine cannot be self-sprayed, and a liquid level must be maintained in the well. The brine can be extracted from the ground by a brine extraction machine.
Commonly used methods for mining underground brines include gas lift method, pumping unit-deep well pump mining method, electric submerged halogen pump mining method and extraction and halogen extraction method.
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