The recycling process of power lithium batteries is mainly for power battery manufacturers to use the sales network of electric vehicle manufacturers to recycle used batteries in reverse logistics. Consumers return the scrapped batteries to a nearby electric vehicle sales service network. According to the cooperation agreement between the battery manufacturer and the electric vehicle manufacturer, the electric vehicle manufacturer transfers the battery to the battery manufacturer at a negotiated price for professional recycling. Battery manufacturers can continue to use recycled metal materials.
The recycling of power lithium battery can be divided into two cycles: first, the use of the ladder, mainly for the battery capacity reduction, so that the battery can not make the electric vehicle operate normally, but the battery itself is not scrapped, and can still be used in other ways, for example, In the power storage; secondly, the dismantling and recycling, mainly for the battery capacity loss, so that the battery can not continue to use, only the battery is resourced to recycle the valuable renewable resources.
Under the multiple driving forces of policies, interests and responsibilities, more and more related companies have begun to deploy power battery recycling. In addition to Shenzhen GEM, Yanfeng Lithium and other professional companies, including BYD, Waterma, Guoxuan Hi-Tech, CATL, AVIC Lithium, BAK and other power battery companies have launched market layout.
BYD
As the first batch of enterprises to develop new energy vehicles, BYD started the power battery recycling work at the beginning of the launch of new energy vehicles. At present, BYD battery recycling channels mainly entrust authorized dealers to recycle used power batteries. When there is a customer request or scrapped vehicles need to replace the power battery, the dealer will take the power battery out of the car body and transport it to the BYD Baolong factory. Conduct a preliminary test. If the used batteries can be reused and continue to be used, the used batteries will be further tested at the Baolong plant, and these batteries will continue to be used in areas such as household energy storage or base station backup power.
If the battery can no longer be used, BYD Baolong will transport the battery to the relevant department of Huizhou Material Factory. After that, it will be dismantled and recycled by wet recycling method. First, the battery is soaked in acid to make the battery chemical in acid. Dissolution, purification, reaction (due to the reaction with acid before the formation of lithium iron phosphate, the waste lithium iron phosphate battery is recovered by wet method, and the recovery effect is better). In addition, another important component of the power battery is also recovered and collected by means of dissolution. The partially evaporated electrolyte is degraded by the exhaust system, degraded into normal gas and discharged. As for the battery case and other materials, it can also be used for secondary use. Overall, BYD's power battery recycling has a relatively sound process system, and the recycling efficiency is high.
In addition, BYD and GEM have reached a cooperation in September 2015. The most important part of the cooperation between the two parties is the recycling of scrapped products. GEM and BYD have cooperated to promote the recycling system of “material recycling – battery recycling – new energy vehicle manufacturing – power battery recyclingâ€. BYD is the largest manufacturer of automotive power batteries in China, and GEM is the leading domestic lithium battery recycling company. The combination of the two will lead the way in the field of power battery gradient utilization and recycling.
Waterma
In 2012, Waterma Company explored the route and method of secondary utilization of power battery, and used a decommissioned electric vehicle power battery. At the same time, it built a 3MW lithium iron phosphate battery energy storage power station, which laid a foundation for the utilization of waste power storage batteries . basis.
At present, Waterma has undertaken the construction and demonstration application project of Shenzhen large-capacity energy storage power station through the declaration, and explored two sets of decommissioning power battery recycling ladder utilization schemes, which will be used for test sorting of decommissioned power batteries, and batteries with ladder utilization value. In energy storage power stations and mobile electric vehicles, it is impossible to use batteries to regenerate decomposition materials to avoid environmental pollution. At present, it has been recycled and used to treat decommissioned power batteries of more than 200MWh.
In addition to the development of energy storage power stations, Waterma has also successfully developed 1200KWh, 750KWh, 640KWh mobile supplemental vehicles (for the replenishment of electric vehicles or the energy storage of office systems, etc.). In the future, we will consider the use of used power batteries in mobile power-up vehicles, and further explore the application of used power batteries in energy storage systems.
In the lithium battery recycling process, Waterma adjusts the multi-element distribution ratio by formula reduction technology through the company's original "directional circulation" mode and the world's leading "reverse product positioning design" technology, supplemented by the heat of the synthetic solution. The power PH value is regulated to realize the “directional circulation†from the waste battery to the battery material, thereby organically integrating the battery from manufacturing, consumption to recycling.
Guoxuan Hi-Tech
Guoxuan Hi-Tech started the recycling of power batteries in 2012. In 2012, Guoxuan Hi-Tech made a cascade utilization project of 1.3MW pure electricity and 4.4MW container-type pure electricity.
At present, Guoxuan Hi-Tech is developing technologies and markets related to battery recycling and ladder utilization. It will soon launch a battery recycling line with a daily processing capacity of 20,000 Ah, disassembly of power batteries, separation of metals and powders, and treatment of powders. Finished inside. According to the planning of Guoxuan Hi-Tech, in 2017, the sales scale of Guoxuan High-Tech Energy Storage Market will be about 1 billion yuan, and a battery test-recycling resource recovery pilot line will be built, and 2000 batteries will be processed daily.
CATL
In terms of recycling system construction, in addition to cooperation with domestic Yutong, SAIC, BAIC, Geely and other car companies, CATL also cooperates with Hunan Bangpu, which has obtained the material recycling qualification, to classify and disassemble the power battery for material recovery. In general, after the power battery is used up, CATL will be retrofitted for energy storage at a very low cost. After the energy storage is used up, the battery will be recycled.
In terms of energy storage, CATL invested and built a plant in Xining, Qinghai. The project plans to invest 7.5 billion yuan, covering an area of ​​20,000 mu. It is mainly engaged in the research and development of energy storage lithium batteries, manufacturing, sales, providing megawatt, kilowatt, off-grid. And grid-connected energy storage products. In the field of energy storage, it has undertaken large-scale energy storage projects for some key customers. The total annual project has exceeded 40 MWh, and it will deepen the cooperation with provinces and regions in the domestic renewable energy power generation concentration.
AVIC Lithium Battery
In terms of battery recycling, AVIC Lithium has the first domestic lithium iron phosphate power battery recycling pilot production line. The demonstration line maximizes the recovery of valuable materials in lithium-powered batteries, with copper-aluminum metal recovery rates as high as 98% and positive material recovery rates over 90%.
After the battery is recycled to the enterprise, it will be placed in the battery area to be discharged, and the engineer will conduct a preliminary evaluation to understand the current performance status of the battery. The decommissioned power battery is first tested, and a better battery module or a single battery cell is selected, and the level is divided according to a certain rule, and then the cascade utilization is performed. Some of the better-performing battery modules will be re-assembled and used in electric boat applications, communication energy storage applications, backup power applications, agricultural machinery and other fields. For battery cells that have no reuse value, discharge treatment and further disassembly will be performed, and the internal parts will be classified and recovered. The entire dismantling system of the battery constructed by AVIC Lithium is completed in a relatively closed space, and the entire pilot production line basically achieves semi-automatic work.
In addition, the solar energy storage demonstration project in the AVIC Lithium Battery Park. This project is a practical application of an old battery ladder. The working principle is to convert the sunlight into electric energy by using the solar panels covered above the ceiling, store it in the container type energy storage unit, and output the electric energy by means of the electric vehicle charging pile, and successfully complete the energy conversion, storage and practical application.
Bick battery
BAK batteries can be used for energy storage, power supply base stations, street lamps, power tools and low-speed electric vehicles. They can also recycle raw materials to make new batteries. In the field of battery recycling, BAK Battery is carrying out the project of “Dismantling and Recycling of Waste New Energy Vehicles †and has obtained national special investment subsidies. The project has a total investment of 200 million yuan and is planned to be built to cover an area of ​​30,000 square meters. The project has started construction at the end of 2015. It is expected to be completed in 2017 and will have an annual capacity of 20,000 scrapped vehicles and 30,000 tons of power batteries.
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