How far is the shared car from “sharing”?

"Ask, find a car, the rest is to start", "Do not need to raise a car, scan the car", "With the loan"... As a supplement to the city's public transportation, now there is "new energy", The concept of “sharing economy” is blessing. After a period of stagnation in the Chinese market, Car-sharing has finally sprouted and developed throughout the country since 2016. However, experts believe that the domestic car sharing project is still in the initial stage, the large-scale commercialization process is slow, the industry penetration rate is low, and most projects stop in the form of “short-term leasing” and have not yet reached the “sharing” purpose of replacing private cars.

Shared car quietly grows

“Sharing a car is not a new concept. Before 2016, the industry called it a time-sharing model.” Li Xin, general manager of the Nanjing shared car project platform operator, Pusdil Technology, said that time-sharing is a combination of many people. A car, that is, a driver who has only right to use the vehicle without ownership, is somewhat similar to the short-term chartering business in the rental car industry. In the past, it was called “time-sharing lease”, but the concept is not easy to understand, but now “shared” The term "car" is actually more accurate and more acceptable to the people.

共享汽车离“共享”,到底还有多远?

"Shared car" appeared on the streets of Wuhan

A securities research report showed that time-share leasing landed in China for the first time in 2010. The number of companies in the beginning of 2013 increased significantly. As of the end of 2014, more than 8,000 cars were used for time-sharing in the country. By 2016, the time-sharing leasing business began to accelerate at a comprehensive rate, which was closely related to the surge in new energy vehicle production and the rise of the concept of “sharing”.

Looking at the domestic market, the current mainstream of the shared car market is still based on new energy electric vehicles. Only the Beijing-based road song project and the Chongqing Car2go project are used.

According to data from the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, as of the end of 2016, China's new energy vehicle production and sales have ranked first in the world for two consecutive years.

The reporter learned that under the background of the continuous and rapid development of new energy vehicles, many industrial capitals have actively transformed and shared the automotive sector. In 2016, there were only 20 or 30 shared car platforms in the country, and now it has reached hundreds. From the perspective of the capital market, since the end of 2016, for the sharing of automobile concept stocks, the A-share market has been speculatively made two rounds. The stock prices of Haima Automobile, Lifan, and Huge Group have emerged, and the concept of new energy-sharing cars has been highly popular. .

In addition, a variety of shared car samples appeared on the streets of many cities in China, and a large number of startup companies in the field of car sharing emerged: In Shanghai, the “Global Cars” jointly established by SAIC and EVCARD has put into operation 6,500 vehicles; In Guangzhou, there are shared car operators such as “with car”, EVCARD, and driving; in Shenzhen, more than 1,000 time-share rental cars of BYD, ZTE, Chepu Intelligent, and four companies sharing activities are active on the streets every day; In Chongqing, Daimler Group’s “Car 2go” has launched more than 600 Mercedes-Benz smart cars in the main city of Chongqing...

Still in its infancy

According to data released by the Traffic Management Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security last September, 350 million people in China hold car licenses, while private car ownership is 140 million. According to this calculation, up to 200 million license holders have self-driving needs but no cars. Bohai Securities predicts that the overall size of this market will be between 15 billion yuan and 20 billion yuan, and the market space is huge.

Can shared cars usher in a "burst point" this year? The industry believes that the shared car is still in the market cultivation period, the business model is still in the stage of continuous improvement, and there are still many disputes and "slots."

Liu Junhai, director of the Institute of Commercial Law at Renmin University of China, said that the sharing of cars "to spur the spring, must be chilled by winter." At present, the domestic automobile sharing project is still in the initial stage, the large-scale commercialization process is slow, and the industry penetration rate is low. Most of the projects stop in the form of “short-term lease” and have not yet reached the “sharing” purpose of replacing private cars.

Many people who have "early early adopters" said that sharing bicycles has not solved the problems of illegal parking, excessive occupation of public space, and lack of credit system. In the field of shared vehicles, these problems also exist. “There was a customer who threw the car in the middle of the road, even on the fast road.” Li Xin said.

In addition, shared cars also exposed pain points such as low vehicle coverage, too few parking outlets, and unclear traffic accident handling rights. Li Xin believes that for shared car operators, in addition to qualifications, cost is also a major problem that restricts the development of shared cars. The cost of a car is obviously much higher than that of bicycles. This is why shared cars are not like shared bicycles. The reason for such rapid development on a large scale.

Many entrepreneurs use "stand on the wind, head to the edge" to describe the various "not easy" in the development of the industry. “The domestic market is huge, but most of the companies involved in this are small and not profitable. They are in the trial and start-up stage.” The industry believes that there are not many large companies engaged in the shared automobile industry in China, and many small companies are from the upstream. It is not mature to the downstream. It is expected that after three to five years of integration, it will enter a stable period. "At present, only the French Autolib (the world's first electric car time-sharing project) has begun to make profits, and most other shared car projects are still in the stage of burning money."

An investor in the field of shared travel said that many companies have not let the capital party enter temporarily, mainly relying on their own funds to operate. "As far as we know, no company in the domestic market is currently profitable."

"quasi-public products" still need government support

“Sharing a car, especially a shared car project involving new energy vehicles , involves many government departments and resources.” Many business executives involved in shared car operations say that they have been in business from business to the present, in addition to frequent business needs due to their daily business needs. In addition to the bureau and the tax bureau, it also has to deal with more than 10 government departments, including the Transportation Bureau, the Planning Bureau, the Urban Management Bureau, the Economic and Information Committee, the Development and Reform Commission, and the Finance Bureau.

“Leaving the government is difficult.” They said that licenses, road rights, parking, etc. are all difficult to solve, so good government relations and resource control are very important. However, sharing a car is a new thing. Before that, it was not clear which department was in charge. When some new problems were encountered, it was easy to have a situation of “skinning” between departments. I hope the government can regulate and support the shared automobile industry, especially in "Car", "pile", "bit" level.

"Car" refers to a new energy vehicle. According to the reporter, the current subsidies for new energy vehicles account for 30% to 50% of the total vehicle cost. Many companies said that if the government does not participate or does not support it, they do not dare to invest blindly. In the past, some companies once had “cheat compensation” behaviors. However, in 2016, the regulatory authorities completed the “cheat and intensive investigation” in the spirit of “strong men and broken wrists”, and carried out the top-level design of the industrial supervision structure of new energy vehicles to purify the industrial environment. Although domestic new energy vehicle sales have fallen sharply in the first month of this year, the industry generally believes that the certainty of national policies will lead the industry back to the "fast track."

"Pile" means a charging pile. Some experts pointed out that as an infrastructure, the landing of charging piles is a relatively complicated systematic project. On the one hand, the government needs to actively coordinate in planning and construction, power distribution and other aspects; on the other hand, it is necessary to unify the construction standards for charging piles as soon as possible, and break the administrative constraints on the construction of charging facilities.

The "bit" is the parking space. "As a commercial enterprise, we bought the vehicle, we set up the platform, we built the charging facility, and now we need enough parking space resources." Many entrepreneurs said. However, the reality is that there is no parking fee for the user to rent a car. "We hope that the government can open up the parking space resources of the city. In some countries like France and Germany, the government will take some resources and then hand it over to the enterprises to operate through the cultivation of business models."

Many domestic startups have deliberately visited Autolib's shared car model, which is one of the most mature models of the global shared car project. It is reported that the project originated in Paris, France in December 2011, and operates under the “public service entrustment contract” model. The Paris government has given policy, capital, technology and other support, especially at the beginning of the establishment of the car sharing organization. The government provides funds loans and land transfer policies as well as parking preferential policies to ensure the development of car sharing projects.

A securities research department has analyzed the Autolib project. It believes that the Autolib project can be used in three aspects: first, public-private partnership operation; second, improving the layout of rental outlets; third, improving the level of system intelligence.

It is worth noting that the bus reform has become an opportunity for the domestic shared car project to “cut into” the market. Many companies have set up lease points in areas where government agencies are concentrated. According to the reporter's understanding, some ministries and commissions have already leased pure electric vehicles on time, and cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Nanjing, Shenzhen, Hangzhou and Chongqing have begun to gradually implement shared car projects. Some cities are also exploring time-sharing. Lease " new energy vehicles are further promoted to districts and counties.

According to the relevant requirements of the bus reform, government agencies can only temporarily lease long-term leases when renting social vehicles, and the “time-sharing” car just solves this problem very well. Experts believe that this aspect can promote the rapid development of time-sharing leasing business, in order to improve the efficiency of the agency and achieve green travel; on the other hand, it also plays a good demonstration effect for the market, and the demand for shared vehicles to enter enterprises and institutions later. The huge mass consumer market has created opportunities.

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