In the decoration industry, glass is a traditional building and decorating material, and glass carving as a glass deep-processing is also widely used. At present, the traditional glass engraving methods adopted in China are mainly manual operations such as sandblast engraving, etching engraving, and hand-held wheel engraving. However, these methods have heavy pollution and poor precision, while glass-engraving CNC machine tools use advanced numerical control systems to improve engraving accuracy and reduce pollution. For this reason, our company has completed glass engraving in cooperation with Guangdong Zhongshan Glass Machinery Company based on the needs of the market. Development of CNC machine tools.
1. Mechanical structure of glass engraving machine
The glass engraving machine adopts right-angle gantry structure and has 6 transmission shafts, which are X, Y, Y Ì, Z, C, and S axes. The X, Y and Z axes are used to control the spatial position of the grinding wheel; Y and Y Ì are synchronized axes (because the crossbeam of the machine must be driven by two motors synchronously); the C axis rotates around the Z axis to control the grinding wheel The deflection attitude angle; X, Y, Y Ì, Z and C axes are linked; the spindle S drives the rotation of the grinding wheel, and in the glass processing, the S-axis rotates the grinding glass at a high speed, and functions as the spindle positioning when the tool change is performed in the tool magazine. Figure 1 shows.
2. Glass Engraving Machine CNC System
(1) Hardware The system uses the space CNC CASNUC2100 CNC system as a hardware platform. The hardware part uses a high-performance Pentium processor and an IPC industrial motherboard. The memory can be expanded (the maximum capacity is related to the motherboard model). Its system is a bus type, modular numerical control system, which is composed of a passive bus board, a CPU module, a position control module, an I/O control module, and an A/D data acquisition module, as shown in FIG. 2 .
1 Control axis number 6 axis. Each position control card controls four axes. The first board controls the X, Y, Z, and C axis servos. The second board controls Y Ì and the spindle servo. The servo is an AC servo unit. Interface signals have given, feedback and alarm information.
2 linkage axes 4 axes.
3 Spindle control: Connect the spindle servo.
4 Analog-to-digital converter 12 Bit Input 0 - -5V.
5 Display parts: LCD display.
6 Communication capabilities: RS (232 interface).
7 soft, hard disk interface.
8 microcomputer keyboard.
9 Memory Control: Hard Disk, DOC/DOM.
10 I/O interface: 32 in/24 out, two I/O boards plugged in as required.
(2) The software of the software numerical control system is programmed in a modular manner and mainly includes a system management module, a human-machine interface module, a communication module, a processing program preprocessing module, a tool compensation module, an interpolation module, and a logic control module. Each module is relatively independent, and data exchange is performed under the coordination of the dispatch management module.
1Characteristics: The synchronous control of the motor, spindle positioning and polishing wear real-time compensation of this system are the key and difficult points of this system control. Because the axis of the synchronous control of the glass engraving machine tool is far away, there is a distance of about 3m. If the synchronization performance is not good, the processing accuracy cannot be guaranteed. In severe cases, the precision components such as the screw may also be damaged. Therefore, the control system passes the software. Position detection of two synchronous motor feedback pulses and compensation based on actual deviations solves this problem. In addition, during the polishing process, the grinding wheel wears rapidly. To ensure the polishing wheel pressure is constant, according to the power measurement data of the grinding wheel motor, the wear of the polishing wheel is dynamically compensated in real time so that the grinding effect is ensured.
2 main functions: The system control software is powerful, not only has the functions of linear interpolation, circular interpolation, tool length compensation, tool radius compensation, but also according to the characteristics of the glass engraving machine to increase the spindle accurate stop positioning, grinding wheel pressure detection, Grinding wheel wear manual and automatic compensation, magazine data management, parallel axis synchronization deviation detection and compensation, wheel size detection and other special functions.
3 auxiliary automatic programming software. It is not only tedious and inefficient, but it may not be able to complete the programming task. For ease of use, our company has jointly developed CAXA glass engraving automatic programming software with Beihanger Company. The software can convert the line data into command data that can be recognized by the numerical control system. The operator only needs to input the centerline of the line segment to be engraved, and set the width of each line, the line depth, and the length of the initial segment and the ending segment (initial segment sum The length of the ending segment is the path length through which the gradual descending and gradual lifting of the knife are performed. The programming system can automatically calculate the cutting path of the grinding wheel and automatically determine the processing speed, spindle speed and other auxiliary functions according to the glass processing technology. , Generated by the numerical control system can identify the data command code, provided to the CNC system.
Fourth, the application of integrated CNCNUC 2100e CNC system in the oblique axis cylindrical grinder
The inclined-axis grinder can be used to grind the outer circle or grind the end face. It is used to grind shoulder and cylindrical shafts or gear shafts in industries such as automobiles, motorcycles and compressors.
Jinan No. 4 Machine Tool Factory newly developed a slant axis function grinder, which was selected by Aerospace Numerical Control's 2100eG CNC system. After on-line debugging, it fully meets the requirements for use.
The 2100eG CNC system can be used for straight-cut cylindrical grinding machines and cylindrical grinding machines with inclined axis. The technical specifications are as follows:
(1) Control the X axis, Z axis, and spindle.
(2) The cylindrical grinding machine can realize the single-acting and linkage function. The angle of the inclined shaft can be set between 0.000° and 80.000°.
(3) E-parameter function, with +, -, *, / operation, judgment, jump function, can read the current position of X, Z, axis coordinates for grinding after dressing processing.
(4) The numerical control system can receive the signal of the processor probe.
(5) Emergency retreat function: When an emergency situation occurs, it can automatically perform emergency retreat to avoid accidents.
(6) The motor is processed at a low speed, the minimum speed can be performed at 0.001mm/min, and the highest speed can reach 100m/min.
Single action: When the X axis is moved, only the X axis moves.
Linkage: When the X axis is moved, the Z axis also moves so that the X axis moves vertically with the Z axis.
Wheel dressing procedure:
E80: X trims the parameters to the grinding wheel and enters the data into the E parameters after the tool is set
E81: Z wheel dressing parameters
N01 E50=E80+12.941;
N02 E51=E50-9.367;
N05 E52=E50-10.975;
N06 E53=E50-12.941;
N10 E60=E81-50;
N11 E61=E81-31.5;
N12 E62=E81-28.5;
N13 E63=E81-8;
N18 M08;
N19 M50 linkage
N20 G01G90G94X=E50 F3000;
N12 G01G90G94Z=E60 F3000;
N14 X=E51 F500;
N29 Z=E61 F=E09;
N15 G01G90G94 X=E52 Z=E62;
N20 G01G90G94 Z=E63;
N25 G02G91 X-1.966 Z0.983 R2;
N21 G01G90G94 Z=E81;
N22 G01G91G94 X-40;
N23 G01G91G94 Z5F3000;
N24 G01G90G94 X=E50;
N25 E80=E80-E82;
N26 E81=E81-E83;
N27 E10-E82;
N29 M99;
Workpiece processing program:
E10: X tool machining parameters to the workpiece
E11: Z tool machining parameters
N1 E30=E10+2;
N4 E31=E11+E14;
N5 M03;
N6 M08;
N7 M51; Single acting
N8 G90G01G94 X0 F3600;
N9 M50; Linkage
N10 G90G01G94 Z=E31;
N11 M51; Single acting
N12 G01G90G94 X=E30;
N13 G91G01G94 X-1.5 F500;
N14 X-0.5 F6;
N15 X-0.7 F0.6;
N16 X-0.1 F0.2;
N17 X-0.001 F0.1;
N18 G01G91G94 X2 F500;
N19 G01G90G94 X0 F3600;
N20 M50; Linkage
N21 M05;
N22 M09;
N23 E2=E2+1;
N24 M30;
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