Recently, scientists at the University of Swansea in the UK developed a revolutionary biodegradable tissue scaffold. This new biomaterial, known as Celleron, consists of a liquid biopolymer and a fiber derivative. The research project, led by Dr. Dan Thomas from Swansea University's School of Engineering, currently has the ability to use the Celleron materials to 3D print the underlying structures of complex tissues.
"In order to design a solution, we came up with 3D printable Celleron, which has a very complex composition, including: PLLA / PLGA, phospholipids, ibuprofen, graphene, collagen, antibiotics and agarose The matrix-engineered polymer we designed provides high-resolution support for the surrounding cells, which, once printed, provide independent cell adhesion and support for cell-cell communication, differentiation, etc. " Dr. Thomas said.
After 3D printing, Celleron ferments when the biologically active agent is added and produces many micropores on it. This greatly increases its surface area and mechanical strength and provides a deep structural pathway for cell migration. This time, the protein growth factor will soak through the porous scaffold and turn it into a biocompatible composite.
This top-down 3D printing process can produce the exact structure, so it can be used in many applications. Earlier this year, the Swansea team used 3D material from Celleron to print the complex geometry of a child's ear.
"Because of its technical challenges, the ear has become one of the early targets of human tissue," Dr. Thomas explained. "We can create an effective cartilage-based composite with cartilage cells, nutrients, and other key growth factors." These experiments show that when the Celleron is placed on a stem cell-preserving scaffold that holds a biological function, the cells are able to rapidly Proliferation, then the Celleron polymer composite becomes a tissue. "
The Swansea team first adapted the 3Dynamic Alpha 3D Bio Printer, the leading 3D bio printer used by many researchers around the world to deposit biomaterial support structures.
The team also plans to develop dental implants using a similar bio-printing process and then hopes to develop durable bio-heart valve tissue structures through 3D printing technology. It is understood that, in order to demonstrate the great potential of Celleron as a 3D printed material, researchers at Swansea University have also completely 3D printed complex human heart internal structures. The purpose of doing so is to hopefully inspire people's imagination about 3D bioengineering technology and the possibilities it offers as a possible future technology.
The current Swansea University research team's research focuses on the use of bioreactors to make these organizations viable. For example, mature mesenchymal stem cells collected from the bone marrow are being used to test whether different cell types can be used to make complex tissues composed of multiple cell types.
"The advantage of mesenchymal stem cells is that they can differentiate into various tissues, provide nutritional support and also regulate the immune response, and we are exploring the possibility of differentiating these tissues into blood vessels." To do this, we also need to use endothelial stem cells , Which is one of three pluripotent stem cells found in the bone marrow, "said Dr. Thomas.
To speed 3D bio-printing technology next year, Swansea's research team plans to share this biopolymer formulation and 3D bio-printing technology with researchers worldwide.
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